Journal: Basic research in cardiology
Article Title: Effect of PAR2 in regulating TNF- α and NAD(P)H oxidase in coronary arterioles in type 2 diabetic mice
doi: 10.1007/s00395-010-0129-9
Figure Lengend Snippet: a Dual fluorescence combining PAR2 with markers for endothelial cells [von Willebrand factor (vWF)], vascular smooth muscle cells (α-actin) and macrophages (CD68). A, B and C, dual labeling of PAR2 (red) and vWF (green) in control mouse heart tissue. E, F and G, dual labeling of PAR2 (red) and vWF (green) in db/db mouse heart tissue. The blue arrows in C and G show the colocalization of PAR2 and endothelial cells (yellow) in control and db/db mice. The inserts in C (D) and the inserts in G (H, I) show the higher magnification of the colocalization pointed by blue arrows in C and G. J, K and L, dual labeling of PAR2 (red) and α-actin (green) in control mice heart tissue. N, O and P, dual labeling of PAR2 (red) and α-actin (green) in db/db mice heart tissue. The pink arrows in L and P show the colocalization of PAR2 and vascular smooth muscle cells (yellow) in control and db/db mice. The inserts in L (M) and the inserts in P (Q) show the higher magnification of the colocalization pointed by pink arrows in L and P. R, S and T, dual labeling of PAR2 (red) and marker of macrophage in db/db mouse heart tissue. The brown arrows in T show the specific CD68 staining with absence of PAR2 staining. U and V, negative control: the purple arrows show the absence of staining in vessels without primary antibodies. W shows nuclear staining with DAPI (blue) in db/db mouse heart tissue. The immunostaining results suggest that in the heart of type 2 diabetic mice, PAR2 is expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not in macrophages. Magnification, ×40. Data shown are representative of four separate experiments. b PAR2 is expressed in mouse coronary arterial endothelial cells and it was significantly increased with the presence of TNF-α. However, there was no TNF-α concentration-dependent (1, 3, or 10 ng/mL) increase in PAR2 expression, n = 3. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05 versus WT
Article Snippet: Primary mouse coronary arterial endothelial cells (Celprogen, San Pedro, CA, USA) were maintained in culture in the presence or absence of recombinant TNF- α (R&D: control, 1, 3 and 10 ng/mL for 24 h).
Techniques: Fluorescence, Labeling, Marker, Staining, Negative Control, Immunostaining, Concentration Assay, Expressing